compuetrs generations
Computer generations are periods characterized by advancements in technology, impacting size, speed, cost, and functionality . They are typically divided into five main phases: First Gene ration (vacuum tubes), Second Generation (transistors), Third Generation (integrated circuits), Fourth Generation (microprocessors), and Fifth Generation (artificial intelligence). 1. First Generation (1940s-1950s): Technology: Vacuum tubes were used as switching elements. Characteristics: Large, bulky, expensive, unreliable, slow, used machine language. Examples: ENIAC, UNIVAC. 2. Second Generation (1950s-1960s): Technology: Transistors replaced vacuum tubes. Characteristics: Smaller, faster, more reliable, cheaper, and less energy-intensive than first-generation computers. Examples: UNIVAC II, IBM 704. 3. Third Generation (1960s-1970s): Technology: Integrated circuits (ICs) or chips were introduced. Characteristi...